Showing posts with label mentalics. Show all posts
Showing posts with label mentalics. Show all posts

May 29, 2016

Mental Science

original Astounding cover art by Hubert Rogers
In the 1940s when Asimov wrote his original Foundation stories, he described the imaginary discipline of Psychohistory as the culmination of a mathematical breakthrough that allowed for scientific understanding of the human brain, human psychology and even sociology.

1. According to Asimov's account of future science, the electrochemistry of the brain could only be understood by tracing its details all the way down to the "nuclear forces".

2. As the story was told by Asimov, not only did the Second Foundation have the mathematical tools needed to predict the future direction of Galactic Civilization, but the Second Foundationers were able to use their telepathic ("mentalic") abilities to control the emotions and motivations of other people.

3. Thirdly, the Second Foundationers were able to abandon spoken language and communicate with one-another using a new type of gestural and telepathic language.

Later, in the late 1980s, when Asimov finally returned to the task of telling the story of Hari Seldon and how he established the Second Foundation, he depicted some humans as having the genetic elements that were required to establish a small colony of telepathic Second Foundationers.

Asimov had originally described The Mule as a genetic mutant who had been born with the natural ability to control the minds of other people. In contrast to the Mule, the Second Foundationers had to practice and train in order to fully develop their mentalic abilities.

Psycho History
source
Extending back into the dark days of the previous millennium, there is a twisted history of some philosophers, physicists and chemists who have proposed that an understanding of quantum physics must be utilized within neuroscience in order for us to fully understand minds and consciousness. This idea leaves most neurobiologists cold: they see no role for quantum uncertainty in the mechanisms of consciousness that exist in the warm and wet environment of a brain.

The physics world was recently abuzz with the possibility of a new short-range nuclear force. In the Exode Trilogy, I imagine that there are additional forms of matter (hierions and sedrons) that are, as yet, unknown to Earthly science.

source
When creating science fiction stories, it is fun to imagine that some mysterious unseen particles are what might account for human telepathic communication. Maybe new and wonderful branches of physics remain to be discovered.

In the Exode Trilogy, I imagine that the events described by Asimov in his Foundation Saga and in his Robot Stories reflect actual events that took place in Deep Time, in what I call the Foundation Reality. At that point in Deep Time, time travel technology existed and Daneel was being used as a tool by the Queen of Time Travel, R. Gohrlay. R. Gohrlay was the first telepathic robot.

source
Mentalics Time
What if the predictions of future events that were believed to be "calculated" by Seldon's "little algebra of humanity" were instead actually made possible by accessing information about the future that existed in the Sedronic Domain? Possibly R. Gohrlay collected some information about the future and made it accessible to the Second Foundationers. The best way to do this might have been to link the Prime Radiant to a sort of "data base" within the Hierion Domain. Using their mentalic powers, Second Foundationers might have used the Prime Radiant as a tool for accessing the Bimanoid Interface.

If all this was done correctly, the Second Foundationers could have believed that they were simply using mathematics to calculate the probabilities of future events, while in actuality they were obtaining information about the future, information that had been carefully provided to them by R. Gohrlay.

The Doctor who created our universe (in the Ekcolir Reality).
Original Ace Double cover art by Edward Valigursky.
Additional cover art by Virgil Finlay.
For the Exode Trilogy, I imagine that Asimov was able to tell his Foundation Saga in our Reality because he had access to information from the Foundation Reality. In the Foundation Reality, Asimov was an investigative science reporter. There was much to report because a secret agent from the far future (see The End of Eternity) was pushing primitive humans towards the development of positronic robots and hyper-spatial interstellar travel technology.

image credits
In the next Reality, the Asimov Reality, it was Asimov himself (the Asimov from the Foundation Reality) who traveled through time and passed on stories of the Foundation to his analogue in that new Reality. In the next two Realities, the momentum of Time ensured that the Asimov analogue in each Reality was also informed about events in Deep Time and able to write versions of the Foundation saga.

Next: Searching for Observers on Earth
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Oct 24, 2015

Mind Control

source: the Ekcolir Reality
I blame Douglas Hofstadter and his book Gödel, Escher, Bach. "Now wait," you say, that's crazy. Books can't take control of our lives. Or can they? There are some books that have never left my physical possession or my thoughts since I first read them. Hofstadter's book helped me fall in love with the idea of self-representation, so it is natural to blame Gödel, Escher, Bach for the fact that I wrote myself into the Exode Trilogy.

Ga-LAX-y!
I've previously blogged about the "alien conspiracy" that first exposed me to published science fiction. I'm continually haunted by the possibility that my entire life was planed, guided and carefully constructed so as to force me to perform a specific function. Just how easy would it be to turn a person into a puppet, to take control of someone's behavior?

Dead Hand
'Dead Hand' - first published in 1945






70 years ago: cover art by William Timmins
I first read Asimov's story "Dead Hand" 40 years ago as part of Foundation and Empire. That story features an intellectual dual between Ducem Barr and Bel Riose. Riose is trying to save the Galactic Empire from collapse, but Barr is certain that the decline and fall of that Empire is inevitable.

The idea that Hari Seldon predicted the future (including the fall of the Empire) by using "Psychohistory" always struck me as absurd. Much later, in Foundation and Earth, Asimov told us that the telepathic robot Daneel had guided the galaxy towards the establishment of the Foundation.

Asimov: a struggle with aliens
I like to think of the Galactic Empire as a kind of socio-temporal buffer that was use by Daneel to put Humanity into stasis while he worked to complete Galaxia. I like the idea that the First Foundation was brought into existence by Daneel in order to allow a few human scientists to begin studying "mentalics". As soon as they discovered the final bit of technology that Daneel needed for Galaxia, then Daneel lost interest in the two Foundations and their goal of creating a Second Galactic Empire.
1945: The Mule

Besides Psychohistory, 'Dead Hand' included another interesting bit of pseudoscience. The First Foundation makes both Riose and the psychopathic Brodrig, Privy Secretary of the Emperor, believe that it has the technological ability to transmute chemical elements. It is amusing that Asimov's Galactic Empire, some 20,000 years in our future, has advanced so little beyond the science and technology of our time: the Empire struggles to keep its spaceships going and the 25,000,000 inhabited planets of the galaxy are just a short step away from falling back on fossil fuels as an energy source.

The Mule
The Mule - cover art by Darrell Sweet
Shortly before his death, Asimov did a masterful job of showing us the origin of the Second Foundation (see Forward the Foundation). I like to think of The Mule as the tool that Daneel used to accelerate the study of mentalics within the First Foundation.

visi-sonor
It is fun to try to imagine what Asimov imagined that The Mule was doing with his visi-sonor. Recently it has been shown that a magnetic field can be used to alter human brain function. In one experiment, altering the activity of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and other nearby brain regions seemed to cause an interesting pattern of altered human thought, similar in some ways to what Asimov depicted for The Mule when he used the visi-sonor.

The Exode Trilogy
When I first read The Mule, I was startled by the rapidity with which the First Foundation collapsed. Later, when the Soviet Union disintegrated, I imagined a science fiction story in which a potent chemical substance had been found that could induce anxiety. What if the CIA slipped that chemical into the water supply of cities in the Soviet Union?

In the Exode Trilogy, the perfect tool for controlling human behavior exists, pre-loaded into each and every human on Earth. About 2,000,000,000 years ago the pek arrived and "seeded" Earth with zeptites. Humans evolved as a dual creature, part cellular and part composed of a zeptite endosymbiont.

Mind Control
source
When humans become aware of the existence of zeptite endosymbionts, they are susceptible to experiencing anxiety and asking: am I just a puppet of my zeptite endosymbiont? Worse, it is a trivial matter for some artificial life forms to take control of a person's zeptite endosymbiont and in that way take control of the person's memories and thoughts.

I've long struggled with the challenge of finding the best way to introduce readers of the Exode Trilogy to the issue of mind control.  At the same time, I get to struggle with my own fears that my own thought have been carefully controlled and guided. In a recent discussion of these matters with Gohrlay, she casually mentioned that there was a good example that she could provide of why it is not worth my time to worry about the extent to which my memories and thoughts are controlled by others.

Arguing with Success
original art work by Paul Alexander
According to Gohrlay, in addition to his involvement with the creation of the Atlantis Clones, Peter also did finally manage to have a child without the help of his mother, Lili. I've previously blogged about a strange second-hand memory of Peter's daughter. I'd mistakenly assumed that Peter's daughter had gone on to lead a fairly normal life as an Earth woman, essentially indistinguishable from other humans. Not so.

Image credits:
Edmund Emshwiller,  Gerald Grace
According to Gohrlay, it was not easy for Peter to figure out how to make use of Earthly zeptites to shape his daughter into a morphologically normal girl. He had the help of a developmental biologist and when they finally cracked the problem and she gave birth to their daughter, they named her Radhas. Radhas grew up among the people of Earth, but she did not have a normal pattern of cognitive development. She always had some innate ability to use the Bimanoid Interface, although her parents tried to ignore her special abilities and allow her to live life as a normal Earthling.

Apparently it was impossible for Anney and Angela to not notice Radhas. In some way, the Atlantis Clones and Radhas were "on the same wave length", so when Radhas grew up she had a certain amount of telepathic contact with the clones. Although she was warned not to reveal what she had learned from her use of the Bimanoid Interface, Radhas could not be dissuaded from telling the secret history of Earth.

The Dead Widower Society
According to Gohrlay, Radhas tried to publish a book that described the search for her origins. She explicitly compared herself to Robert Heinlein's character Friday Baldwin. Publication of the book was suppressed and Radhas was taken off of Earth.

See the original (1962) cover
art by Johannes Bruck
According to Gohrlay, before Radhas was taken off of Earth, she had a working relationship with the Dead Widowers and even visited me. Apparently Radhas and I began collaborating, but then a tryp'At Overseer arrived and put an end to that. Radhas opted to depart from Earth while I decided to stay. My choice, my decision to stay here on this rock included the necessity of having all my memories of Radhas removed from my conscious access.

Next: solarpunk
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Jan 25, 2015

Not Holding My Breath

June 1942 Astounding
Five or six years ago rumors circulated that Isaac Asimov's Foundation saga might be put through the Hollywood meat grinder. Given the rather cerebral nature of Asimov's science fiction, I am not surprised that a Foundation movie never emerged from the land of shoot and go boom. Recently, rumors have been floated that 1) Asimov's Foundation, 2) Clarke's 3001 and 3) his Childhood's End (see this) as well as 4) a reboot of the X-Files might all find their way into production as new television shows. As a fan of Asimov, Clarke and The X-Files, I'm intrigued and fearful of what might develop from these projects.

Daneel
The rumor is that HBO intends to tell stories that are based on Asimov's original Foundation Trilogy. Asimov's original Foundation tales were published in Astounding magazine over 60 years ago.....will those old stories mesh with modern sensibilities? Another important consideration is that Asimov later "re-imagined" the Foundation saga, linking the Foundation stories with his positronic robot stories. My advice to HBO and Jonathan Nolan is that they make R. Daneel Olivaw a major star of their Foundation television show and give plenty of screen time to a female robotic character, possibly a "reincarnated" Dors.

August 1944 Astounding
I've previously mentioned my enthusiasm for the way that Asimov inserted Daneel into the Foundation saga. In Forward the Foundation, published the year after Asimov's death, Asimov depicted Daneel as the mastermind behind Hari Seldon. In Foundation and Earth, Asimov showed the end game for the Foundation, a future in which Daneel's Galaxia project might be completed. In the final analysis, "Seldon's Foundation Project" was just Daneel's way to develop the last bits of technology that were needed to make Galaxia possible.

With Foundation and Earth and Forward the Foundation, Asimov showed how to knit together the saga of Hari Seldon and the Foundations with the 20,000 year long effort of Daneel to satisfy the Zeroth Law. This "knitting" was an act of literary genius, Asimov's last great gift to the science fiction genre.

Time Vault
holographic recording of Hari Seldon
The first episode of any Foundation television show should be an hour-long rush to depict the fledgling Foundation on Terminus, mired in its first Seldon Crisis and then culminating with a dramatic appearance by Seldon in the Time Vault. A Second Foundation agent, the daughter of Wanda should be shown at work on Terminus.

".....the Second Foundation is directing the historical course of the Galaxy....." - Pelleas Anthor

Time Travel
April 1945 Astounding
Psychohistory is the key pseudoscientific myth that supports the Cult of Seldon. Daneel makes use of religion as the glue that holds together the forming Foundation. The key miracles of the early Foundation Era are the recordings of Seldon that are timed to play exactly when the growing Foundation faces its greatest challenges.

The End of Eternity
A Foundation television show should show time travel technology being used to make possible the ability of the psychohistorians to seemingly predict the future. The Prime Radiant is a kind of mind-control device that allows the psychohistorians to "view the future" and encode their visions in a mathematical format while preventing them from being consciously aware of the role that time travel technology plays in their work. The role of time travel (and who wields the time travel technology) should be the big reveal in the second episode of a Foundation television series.

In The End of Eternity, the Eternals constantly worked to keep Humanity safe by "editing out of Time" inventions like nuclear bombs and the mass duplicator. Daneel faced the inverse challenge: creating the conditions under which human ingenuity could discover the one last innovation required to complete Galaxia. The dynamic tension between the First and Second Foundations concealed a carefully orchestrated effort to allow research into mentalics and advanced hyperspatial drive technology.....exactly what was needed to complete the Galaxia supermind.

Telepathy
November 1945 Astounding
I'm not convinced that anyone in Hollywood has ever figured out how to depict telepathic communication and the type of non-linguistic  "mentalic" control of emotions depicted by Asimov in the Foundation saga. A Foundation television show needs to flawlessly show "mentalic mind control" and telepathic communication between Second Foundationers and positronic robots like Daneel.

Asimov knew that there was no way to mathematically predict the future and in the decades following the 1940s, concepts such as the "butterfly effect" have entered into the common consciousness. Asimov clearly illustrated that human progress cannot be predicted when he wrote the Mule into the Foundation saga. The Mule was portrayed as a dramatic random factor that could break the magical spell of Seldon's infallibility, a spell that had given the people of the early First Foundation their confidence. After The Mule's rise to power, the First Foundation had to face the fact that a Second Foundation, a cadre of genetic mutants with "mentalic" powers, was secretly at work in the galaxy. I'd rush to show the Mule crushing the First Foundation by the end of the third episode of a Foundation Television series. Bayta should be shown as the key First Foundationer resiting the Mule.

January 1948 Astounding
The central tension of a Foundation television show needs to be based on the audience's ability to identify with the First Foundationers and their struggle to not be puppets of the Second Foundationers. At the same time, viewers must be shown how Daneel is secretly working to use the Foundations for his own purpose (creating Galaxia). And lurking behind Daneel must be the mystery of who it is that has access to time travel technology and who "gave" telepathic powers to the positronic robots.

After the defeat of the Mule, the First Foundationers must be returned to their state of ignorant bliss, convinced that the Second Foundation has been destroyed.

November 1949 Astounding
I'd make Arkady the main character of episode 4, but it needs to be shown how Lady Callia uses her mentalic power to control Arkady. Once the struggle between the First and Second Foundation is established, then a Foundation television series can loop back and do all of Asimov's original Foundation stories in a more leisurely fashion. The fate of Arkady can be left hanging and remain to be resolved at the very end of the series.

Don't Hold Your Breath
I'd love to see something good come out of HBO's ownership of the rights to develop a video version of Asimov's Foundation trilogy, but I'm not holding my breath.

2017 update: Goyer and Friedman/Foundation rumor
2020 update: Foundation on Apple TV
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End of March Update: Fox confirmed that several new episodes of The X-Files will enter production during summer 2015.
Update 2016: The X-Files Season 10
Reality TV: New Miss Universe Contest



Apr 12, 2014

Reality Reviewing

Krell brain power boosting
technology from the 1956 film
Forbidden Planet
I often refer to The End of Eternity as "Isaac Asimov's time travel novel". However, in 1947 Asimov wrote a first draft (~40,000 words) of a story in which Joseph Schwartz travels through time from 1949 into the Galactic Era, a future time when humans have spread through the galaxy and established an Empire ruled from the centrally-located planet Trantor. This setting is in the same "future history" as the Foundation Saga that Asimov had been incrementally constructing one story at a time for publication in Astounding during the course of the 1940s.

The story of Joseph Schwartz's adventures in the far future was later published as a 70,000 word version called Pebble in the Sky (first printing in 1950, three years before he started work on The End of Eternity). After arriving in the future, Schwartz is viewed as a hairy and dim-witted evolutionary throwback and given a "brain boost" with an experimental synapsifier, a high tech device created by Affret Shekt.

cover art by John Bunch
The Stars, Like Dust, which became the first novel of the "Empire Series", was originally published in the first three 1951 issues of Galaxy magazine under the title "Tyrann". I read The Stars, Like Dust in novel form about 40 years ago and before today I'd never seen the illustration that is on the January issue's cover.

After 4 decades it is interesting to note the scenes from The Stars, Like Dust that stayed in my memory...Biron's departure from Earth and preparation for a "jump" through hyperspace, the "spirited wench" Artemisia's skill at horrifying her father...

Asimov introduced the Visi-Sonor in 1945 (The Mule) as another high tech device, one that could interact with -and amplify- "brain waves". In Tyrann, Asimov introduced the inventor of the visi-sonor, Gillbret, who is part of Artemisia's extended family. After being subjected to the influence of the visi-sonor, Biron becomes intensely aware of a strong desire to posses Artemisia.

page 45 illustration for Tyrann
With the help of Gillbret and his visi-sonor, Biron escapes arrest. Artemisia has been desperately resisting a political marriage to an elderly and repulsive Tyranni and she wants Biron to pilot a spaceship and help her run away. Biron and Artemisia begin a search among the stars for a long-lost document that can save Humanity from the tyrannical war lords who seem to endlessly exercise power over the human-settled worlds of the galaxy.

Exode
In the Exode Trilogy, Asimov is a character who is in the "wrong place at the wrong time". He find himself caught up in a mysterious struggle between positronic robots and space aliens. Asimov is invited to give a talk about science fiction at the Triversity. This is part of an effort by Thomas to make Asimov accept the idea that the Earth has long been visited by Genesaunts. In particular, Peter carries genes that originated in selective breeding projects carried out on distant worlds by the pek.

Asimov as a character
After his speech to the Triversity science fiction club, Asimov takes an interest in Toni Killian and starts flirting with her. Asimov's playful behavior ends up creating the conditions under which "the editor" of the Exode Trilogy can be "discovered" and eventually, many years later, be given the task of telling the story Exode.

"Asimov to some extent cultivated an image of himself as an amiable lecher." Along with Artemisia in Tyrann, Asimov populated several of his science fiction stories with young girls who were dodging the unwelcome advances of older men.

In "--And Now You Don't" (later published as Part 2 of Second Foundation: Search By the Foundation) 14 year old Arcadia Darell is confronted with the prospect of becoming the First Lady to a soldier, the belligerent Lord of Kalgan.

To the discomfort of some (including the long-suffering Trevize), Asimov later elaborated a romance between the 52 year old Janov Pelorat and the youthful Bliss, who was only in her early 20s. Trevize can't figure out what Bliss sees in Janov.

More of Asimov's Characters
Joseph Schwartz is 62 when he steps into the future and through his exposure to the synapsifier he develops a kind of telepathic ability called "Mind Touch". Affret Shekt's daughter Pola, is a university student and assistant in Affret's lab. Pola is impressed by Dr. Arvardan's seemingly heroic fight against an Imperial officer. With time, Arvardan decides that Pola is the most beautiful girl he's ever seen, so he'll do anything for her, even unseat the Emperor.

Trysta in orbit
In The End of Eternity, Andrew Harlan, an Eternal who is married to his work, falls in love with Noÿs Lambent and becomes her tool, eventually destroying Eternity, Earth's time travel device. Similarly, Dr. Arvardan has never been in love before meeting Pola.

Mentalics
Asimov had fun playing with the idea that telepathic abilities might provide a selective advantage if they could be used to control the emotions of others. In Nemesis, Marlene inherits "mentalic" abilities from her father Crile. Crile is like Raych, able to use his mentalic powers to make other people like him. Raych's daughter Wanda is able to "read minds" and along with Stettin Palver, with whom she can share thoughts and a strong emotional bond, she founds the Second Foundation.

Trysta viewing Realities
I imagine that positronic robots with telepathic powers were helping Noÿs maneuver Andrew into helping put an end to Eternity. Any time we see one of Asimov's characters suddenly having a strong and uncharacteristic emotional outburst be have to wonder if mentalic abilities and/or devices like the visi-sonor are involved.

Visualizations
When I saw John Bunch's cover illustration for Tyrann I was reminded of the cover I had made for Trysta and Ekcolir. I've made several previous attempts to depict the viewing of Realities and even the use of the Prime Radiant.

In The End of Eternity,  Noÿs explains to Andrew how using their advanced technology, people of her time, some 10 million years in our future, could view alternative Realities. When Noÿs is living out her life in the Primitive, I imagine that her nanorobotic symbiont endows her with a limited capacity to view Realities. When she collaborates with Grean, she is provided with advanced Reality Viewing technology that even allows for the exploration of Reality Chains.

Prime Radiant
In the Primitive, Noÿs uses the name Trysta Iwedon. Trysta must look for an alternate Reality Chain in which the human species is not replaced by the Prelands. Sadly, almost all Realities in which humans are allowed to develop a technological civilization on Earth and spread outward to the Stars result in a dramatic catastrophe for Earth.

Asimov described the fate of Earth in his Foundation Saga: Earth is rendered uninhabitable because of high radiation levels. Trysta and Grean are frustrated in their attempts to find a Reality in which nuclear disaster is avoided on Earth. They find that Earth is in the sway of a strange attractor. If the course of history is altered so as to keep radiation levels on Earth low, some other disaster then occurs, usually involving anthropogenic climate change and catastrophic sea level rise.

Trysta and Grean view the Buld Reality
A related "future technology" is the Bimanoid Interface. Fundamentally, this is an interface between a brain and the Sedronic Domain, a kind of cognitive amplifier that might at first seem similar to the Visi-Sonor. However, the Bimanoid Interface does not amplify telepathic or "mentalic" abilities. Rather, the Interface allows a connection to be established between our mundane world of three dimensional space and the higher dimensional Sedronic Domain.

The Huaoshy use the Interface to make contact with the Kac'hin. The Kac'hin are a special type of human that was designed by the pek to allow the Huaoshy to exercise some control over events on Earth. However, the Interface is really a two-way communications conduit, so people with the right combination of Kac'hin or Asterothrope genes can use the Interface to tap into the vast information content of the Sedronic Domain.

Nereid
My current conceptualization of the technology for Viewing Realities is that it is an advanced variant of the basic Bimanoid Interface that is made available to Earthlings like Angela through the meddling of Nereids in the history of Earth.

Diagrammatic depictions of the dimensional structure of our Reality
When Grean first notices the Buld Reality thon pays little attention to it. Grean is looking for a Reality Chain that will allow multiple Reality Changes, as needed, to remove the influence of Gohrlay from Earth and return control of Humanity's fate to the pek. Grean is at first puzzled as to why the Buld Reality has no connections into Reality Chains. Slowly, Grean realizes that in the Buld Reality the Huaoshy alter the dimensional structure of the universe and make further time travel impossible.
The Reality Chain that leads to the Buld Reality, the world as we know it.
original cover art by Dirk Schulz

Reality Reviewing
Once the Buld Reality was established and further time travel was made impossible, the technology for viewing alternative Realities could only be used to observe previous Realities. That was what Angela did, using her limited command of the Bimanoid Interface. At first, the information that she accessed from previous Realities was very confusing to Angela.

Future Fiction

What Angela could "see" in Deep Time only started to make sense in light of key information that was provided in the form of infites. Thomas and Izhiun gave their infites to "the editor". Thus, the true depth and meaning for the story of past Realities could only be told after Ivory began to function as a communications channel between "the editor" and Angela.

Editing the flow of Time.
 2024. Ten years after making the blog post, above, I've been trying to make use of AI-powered image generating software to illustrate my science fiction stories (see the 2024 blog post The Time Travel Game). The image to the right was generated by WOMBO Dream and in my imagination it hints at the ability of a time traveler to reach into the past and alter their own behavior. Imagine a cloud of infites that you could send into the past and use to alter your own behavior, preventing something terrible from happening. Creating images to illustrate invisible plot elements like infites is challenging.

Related Reading: Pebble in the Sky
                              The Currents of Space
                             The Caves of Steel

Next: the end of the world
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